Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Volume 40, Issue 6-7, Pages 1467-1478Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1081/ESE-200055889
Keywords
wastewater treatment; constructed wetlands; reed bed filters; horizontal flow
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Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands recently have been developed in Lithuania. They ensure the efficient removal of nutrients and organic matter. This article analyses BOD(5) and N and P removal efficiency with respect to filter loads. To achieve a normative wastewater treatment level according to BOD(5) (25 mg O(2) l(-1)), loads of filters should not exceed 5.8 g m(-2) day(-1), that is, the treatment of wastewater produced by population equivalent requires a filter area of 10.5 m(2). After treatment in filters total N of wastewater contains 55-85% of mineral N. Nitrite-N and nitrate-N make up 0.1% and 3.0% on average; the other part is composed of ammonia-N. Increasing total N concentrations contained in water outflow predetermine higher ammonia-N amounts. If water outflow contains 10 mg l(-1) of total N, ammonia-N makes up 51.5%; if it contains 40 mg l(-1), then ammonia-N makes up 81.0%. The average total nitrogen removal efficiency is 37-44%. P removal is affected by the physico-chemical characteristics of sand and qualitative composition of phosphorus contained in wastewater. P removal up to 2 mg I(-1) from domestic and other wastewater of similar composition requires no higher than 0.15 g m(-2)/day(-1) load of filters according to total P.
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