Journal
CARCINOGENESIS
Volume 34, Issue 5, Pages 1081-1088Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt009
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Funding
- Swedish Children's Cancer Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- Robert Lundberg Memorial Foundation
- Swedish network INTENT (Innovative Approach for Treatment of Embryonal Neural Tumors)
- Neuroblastoma and CNS Tumor Network of Sweden (NBCNS)
- Advanced Cancer Therapies thematic centre (ACT!)
- Norwegian Cancer Society
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Tumor-associated inflammation is a driving force in several adult cancers and intake of low-dose aspirin has proven to reduce cancer incidence. Little is known about tumor-associated inflammation in pediatric neoplasms and no in vivo data exists on the effectiveness of low-dose aspirin on established tumors. The present study employs the transgenic TH-MYCN mouse model for neuroblastoma (NB) to evaluate inflammatory patterns paralleling tumor growth in vivo and low-dose aspirin as a therapeutic option for high-risk NB. Spontaneously arising abdominal tumors were monitored for tumor-associated inflammation ex vivo at various stages of disease and homozygous mice received daily low-dose aspirin (10mg/kg) using oral gavage or no treatment, from 4.5 to 6 weeks of age. Using flow cytometry, a transition from an adaptive immune response predominated by CD8 T cell in early neoplastic lesions, towards enrichment in immature cells of the innate immune system, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages, was detected during tumor progression. An M1 to M2 transition of tumor-associated macrophages was demonstrated, paralleled by a deterioration of dendritic cell status. Treatment with low-dose aspirin to mice homozygous for the TH-MYCN transgene significantly reduced the tumor burden (P < 0.01), the presence of tumor-associated cells of the innate immune system (P < 0.01), as well as the intratumoral expression of transforming growth factor-, thromboxane A(2) (P < 0.05) and prostaglandin D-2 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, tumor-associated inflammation appears as a potential therapeutic target in NB and low-dose aspirin reduces tumor burden in the TH-MYCN transgenic mouse model of NB, hence warranting further studies on aspirin in high-risk NB.
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