Journal
PHOTOSYNTHETICA
Volume 43, Issue 3, Pages 345-353Publisher
ACAD SCIENCES CZECH REPUBLIC, INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-0058-2
Keywords
chloroplast; oxidative stress; photosynthesis; thylakoid membrane; xanthophyll cycle
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When cells get metals in small excess, mechanisms of avoidance occur, such as exclusion, sequestration, or compartmentation. When the excess reaches sub-lethal concentrations, the oxidative stress, that toxic metals trigger, leads to persistent active oxygen species. Biomolecules are then destroyed and metabolism is highly disturbed. At the chloroplast level, changes in pigment content and lipid peroxidation are observed. The disorganized thylakoids impair the photosynthetic efficiency. The Calvin cycle is also less efficient and the photosynthetic organism grows slowly. When an essential metal is given together with a harmful one, the damages are less severe than with the toxic element alone. Combined metals and phytochelatins may act against metal toxicity.
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