Journal
MICRON
Volume 36, Issue 6, Pages 519-524Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.04.003
Keywords
environmentally controlled AFM; phase imaging; lactose; powder; milling
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Atomic force microscopy Phase Imaging, an adaptation of Tapping Mode AFM was used to visualise physico-mechanical variations on the surface of crystalline materials after being subjected to mechanically induced lattice damage. Large crystals (100-500 mu m) of lactose were nucleated on AFM sample stubs, imaged and subjected to a milling process. The milled samples were then imaged at specific humidity using Phase Imaging. Phase and Amplitude images of the re-crystallised lactose suggested an ordered crystalline state with multiple platelets present across the surface. In comparison, the morphology and surface properties after a 1-min mill time suggested milling had a dramatic effect on the surface characteristics of the re-crystallised lactose. Phase and Topographical imaging during exposure to elevated humidities (70% RH) indicated both morphological and physico-mechanical changes that may be linked to surface amorphous re-crystallisation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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