Journal
BIOFACTORS
Volume 24, Issue 1-4, Pages 209-216Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520240125
Keywords
TGF beta 1; core-aldehyde; 9-oxononanoyl cholesterol; fibrogenesis; macrophages
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Within the broad variety of compounds generated via oxidative reactions in low density lipoproteins (LDL) and subsequently found in the atherosclerotic plaque, are aldehydes still esterified to the parent lipid and termed core-aldehydes. The most represented cholesterol core-aldehyde in LDL is 9-oxononanoyl cholesterol (9-ONC), an oxidation product of cholesteryl linoleate. Here we report that 9-ONC, at concentration actually detectable in biological material, significantly up-regulates the expression and the synthesis of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) by cultured macrophages. As previously demonstrated for other lipid oxidation products present in LDL, namely a biologically representative mixture of oxysterols and the unesterified aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal, these effects on TGF beta 1 by 9-ONC further points to LDL lipid oxidation as a powerful source of pro-fibrogenic stimuli.
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