Journal
CARBON
Volume 62, Issue -, Pages 11-24Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.05.033
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51072131]
- NSF of Tianjin, China [12JCZDJC27400]
- Shenzhen Basic Research Project [JC201104210152A, JC201005270288A]
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Realizing mass production of graphene materials at low cost and high quality is urgently required for their real applications. Thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide (GO) is considered as a promising strategy though it normally requires a high exfoliation temperature together with a fast heating rate, making the produced graphenes suffer from high cost and concentrated topological defects. A mild exfoliation of GO at a far lower temperature than the predicted minimum temperature, has been demonstrated by introducing a high vacuum to exert an outward drawing force which helps effective exfoliation of the stacked graphene layers. In this contribution, together with a discussion on the foundation of thermal exfoliation and the general principle for low-temperature exfoliation, we review current strategies and indicate possible novel approaches. Low cost and easy operability are highlighted for the low-temperature exfoliation and the resulting graphene materials are characterized by low defect concentration, and unique and tunable surface chemistry to promote potential mass applications in energy-related areas. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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