Journal
WOMEN & HEALTH
Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 1-21Publisher
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1300/J013v41n04_01
Keywords
women's health; smoking; mammography; preventive health services
Funding
- AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY [T32HS000011] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [K07CA087070, K05CA090485] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- AHRQ HHS [T32-HS00011] Funding Source: Medline
- NCI NIH HHS [K07-CA87070, K05-CA90485] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: Since the late 1980s, data show an association between smoking status and mammography. Women smokers reported 12-15% lower rates than non-smokers. This study investigated whether an association persists in a recent national- level database. Methods: The sample was women aged 50-75 years from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 52,300). Analyses used two definitions of recent mammography, one based on a one-year interval between exams, the other on a two-year interval. Smoking was classified as current, former, or never. Other covariates included socio-demographic variables, health practices, insurance status, and usual source of care. Results: The rate of mammography for current smokers was 16% lower than for never smokers for the past-year interval, and 14.0% lower for the two-year interval. Multiple logistic regression supported the smoking/mammography association. Other covariates associated with lower mammography on both dependent variables were recent Pap test, health insurance/usual source of care. recent dental visit, seat belt use, marital status, and age. Conclusions: Reasons for the persistent association between smoking and mammography must be determined. These variables will inform interventions with women who smoke. A key question is whether to intervene on smoking directly or whether mediating variables are sufficient targets of intervention.
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