Effects of carbon nanofibers on cell morphology, thermal conductivity and crush strength of carbon foam

The effects of low volume fractions of carbon nanofibers on the structure, thermal conductivity and crush strength of carbon foam were examined. Bulk density of the foam increased linearly with the fiber fraction reflecting the morphological changes in the cells. Thermal conductivity increased at low fiber fractions, but dropped at higher fiber fractions. Crush strength increased linearly with fiber fraction for short length fibers, but decreased for the longer length fibers. Scanning electron microscopy, petrography, and X-ray diffraction illustrated the complex effects of the carbon nanofibers on the foam. Available models for thermal conductivity and crush strength have been extended to accommodate these effects incorporating cell structure and morphology (macroeffect), presence of fibers (microeffect), and graphite crystal d-spacing (nanoeffect). This research has shown that the nanofibers have a complex role in the macro, micro, and nanoproperties of the composite foam. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.