Journal
CARBON
Volume 46, Issue 13, Pages 1702-1710Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.07.015
Keywords
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Funding
- Naval Research [N00014-07-1-00608]
- Petroleum Research Foundation [42751-AC10]
- University of Minnesota Graduate School
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Monolithic carbon/nano-silicon composites with a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure were synthesized via a nanocasting route using a macro- and mesoporous silica monolith as a hard template for carbon with similar hierarchical porosity, followed by chemical vapor deposition to infiltrate mesopores with silicon nanoparticles. Diiodosilane was used as the silicon precursor to produce nano-silicon upon thermal decomposition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of both elemental silicon and oxidized silicon in the porous carbon. Silicon was dispersed uniformly inside 3DOM carbon without forming large agglomerates. The as-synthesized material was Xray amorphous. A lithiation experiment showed an initial charge capacity of 920 mAh g(-1) and a reversible Li+ capacity of 332 mAh g(-1) for the carbon/nano-silicon composite. The lower-than-expected capacity is attributed to partial oxidation of nanosized silicon in the composite structure. A mechanism for decomposition of diiodosilane in this system is proposed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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