Journal
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 119-144Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.femsre.2004.09.001
Keywords
Porphyromonas gingivalis; iron/heme/hemoglobin binding; iron/heme transport; outer membrane receptor; gingipain
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Funding
- NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 09161] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL &CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH [R01DE009161] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium associated with the initiation and progression of adult periodontal disease. Iron is utilized by this pathogen in the form of heme and has been shown to play an essential role in its growth and virulence. Recently, considerable attention has been given to the characterization of various secreted and surface-associated proteins of P. gingivalis and their contribution to virulence. In particular, the properties of proteins involved in the uptake of iron and heme have been extensively studied. Unlike other Gram-negative bacteria, P. gingivalis does not produce siderophores. Instead it employs specific outer membrane receptors, proteases (particularly gingipains), and lipoproteins to acquire iron/heme. In this review, we will focus on the diverse mechanisms of iron and heme acquisition in P. gingivalis. Specific proteins involved in iron and heme capture will be described. In addition, we will discuss new genes for iron/heme utilization identified by nucleotide sequencing of the P. gingivalis W83 genome. Putative iron- and heme-responsive gene regulation in P. gingivalis will be discussed. We will also examine the significance of heme/hemoglobin acquisition for the virulence of this pathogen. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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