Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 93, Issue 2, Pages 628-634Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.035
Keywords
Oil palm empty fruit bunch; Pulp bleaching; Cellulose; Microcrystalline cellulose
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Funding
- University Sains Malaysia (USM)
- Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (KPT)
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In this work, we successfully isolated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber-total chlorine free (TCF) pulp using acid hydrolysis method. TCF pulp bleaching carried out using an oxygen-ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching sequence. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicates that acid hydrolysis does not affect the chemical structure of the cellulosic fragments. The morphology of the hydrolyzed MCC was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a compact structure and a rough surface. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of the surface indicates the presence of spherical features. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the MCC produced is a cellulose-I polymorph, with 87% crystallinity. The MCC obtained from OPEFB-pulp is shown to have a good thermal stability. The potential for a range of applications such as green nano biocomposites reinforced with this form of MCC and pharmaceutical tableting material is discussed. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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