Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 97, Issue 2, Pages 695-702Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.050
Keywords
Cellulose nanofibrils; Crystallinity; High shear homogenization; Refining; Thermal properties
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [50833003, 51203105]
- Sichuan University [2012SCU11074]
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The objective of this study was to extract cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from dry softwood pulp through a simple and environmentally friendly physical method of refining pretreatment coupled with high shear homogenization. An optical microscopy (OM) clearly showed the morphological development from the cellulose fibers to CNFs under repeated shear forces. The morphology, structure and properties of the obtained CNFs were comprehensively investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results indicated that the CNFs had diameters mainly ranged from 16 to 28 nm. Compared with the pulp fibers, the CNFs exhibited a slightly higher crystallinity and a lower thermal stability. Moreover, a novel nanopaper with high optical transparency was prepared from the obtained CNFs, and a possible mechanism for the high optical transparency was discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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