Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 92, Issue 2, Pages 2075-2083Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.092
Keywords
beta-Glucans; Immune-stimulation; Validation methods; Enzymatic degradation; Specific immune-stimulatory effect; LPS; Polymyxin
Categories
Funding
- Fund for the Research Levy on Agricultural Products
- Norwegian Research Council [182695/I40]
- FibeBiotics [289517]
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Even if carbohydrate preparations from plant/fungal sources have a high degree of purity, observed immune-stimulation may be caused by minute sample contaminations. Using the example of different beta-glucans we present a range of analytical tools crucial for validation of possible immune-stimulatory effects. Two yeast (MacroGard and Zymosan) and one cereal beta-glucan (CBG40) increased IL-8 secretion by HT-29 cells considerably. Degradation of the beta-glucan samples with beta-glucan specific enzymes did hardly influence the effect of Zymosan and CBG40 but significantly decreased the effect of MacroGard. Stimulation of IL-8 secretion by CBG40 and Zymosan was hence not due to their beta-glucan content. Instead, the effect of the CBG40 sample was due to low levels of LPS despite the inability of the known LPS inhibitor Polymyxin B to supress its stimulatory effect We conclude that targeted enzymatic degradation of samples is a powerful validation tool to investigate carbohydrate specific immune-modulation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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