Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 92, Issue 2, Pages 2299-2305Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.106
Keywords
Kenaf; Cellulose nanocrystals; Cassava starch; Mechanical properties
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Funding
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Malaysia (MOSTI)
- French Embassy in Kuala Lumpur
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Biodegradable materials made from cassava starch and kenaf fibers were prepared using a solution casting method. Kenaf fibers were treated with NaOH, bleached with sodium chlorite and acetic buffer solution, and subsequently acid hydrolyzed to obtain cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Biocomposites in the form of films were prepared by mixing starch and glycerol/sorbitol with various filler compositions (0-10 wt%). X-ray diffraction revealed that fiber crystallinity increased after each stage of treatment. Morphological observations and size reductions of the extracted cellulose and CNCs were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of different treatments and filler contents of the biocomposites were evaluated through mechanical tests. Results showed that the tensile strengths and moduli of the biocomposites increased after each treatment and the optimum filler content was 6%. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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