Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 87, Issue 2, Pages 1131-1138Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.084
Keywords
Cellulose whiskers; Rice husk; Biomaterials; Microscopy; Peroxide bleaching; Thermal analysis
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Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [474278/2007-7]
- TWAS/CNPq
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES)
- Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)
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This work reports the isolation of cellulose whiskers from rice husk (RH) by means of an environmental friendly process for cellulose extraction and bleaching. The multistep process begins with the removal of pectin, cutin, waxes and other extractives from rice husk, then an alkaline treatment for the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin, and a two-step bleaching with hydrogen peroxide/tetra-acetylethylenediamine (TAED), followed by a mixture of acetic and nitric acids, for further delignification of the cellulose pulp. The techniques of infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the overall process is adequate to obtain cellulose with high purity and crystallinity. This cellulose was submitted to sulfuric acid hydrolysis with the aim to isolate the whiskers. They showed the typical elongated rod-like aspect as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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