Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 87, Issue 1, Pages 564-573Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.022
Keywords
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs); Ultra-fine fibers; Self-assembly; Rice straw; Sulfuric acid hydrolysis
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Funding
- California Rice Research Board [RU-9]
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Pure cellulose have been isolated from rice straw at 36% yield and hydrolyzed (64% H(2)SO(4), 8.75 mL/g, 45 degrees C) for 30 and 45 min to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), i.e., CND and CNC45, respectively. CNC45 was smaller (11.2 nm wide, 5.06 nm thick and 117 nm long) than CNC30 (30.7 nm wide, 5.95 nm thick and 270 nm long). Freeze-drying of diluted CNC suspensions showed both assembled into long fibrous structures: ultra-fine fibers (similar to 400 nm wide) from CNC45 and 1-2 mu m wide broad ribbons interspersed with CNC clusters from CNC30. The self-assembled fibers from CNC30 and CNC45 were more highly crystalline (86.0% and 91.2%, respectively) and contained larger crystallites (7.36 nm and 8.33 nm, respectively) than rice straw cellulose (61.8%, 4.42 nm). These self-assembled fibers had essentially nonporous or macroporous structures with the CNCs well aligned along the fiber axis. Furthermore, the self-assembled ultra-fine fibers showed extraordinary structural stability, withstanding vigorous shaking and prolong stirring in water. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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