Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 87, Issue 2, Pages 1611-1619Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.067
Keywords
Walnut oil-in-water emulsion; Xanthan gum; Lipid oxidation; Peroxide value; Droplet size; Response surface methodology (RSM)
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Funding
- Council for Research at the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the University of Tehran
- Research Council of the University of Tehran
- ZamZam Iran Co. (Tehran, Iran)
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The susceptibility of lipids to oxidation is one of the most fundamental problems in oil-in-water emulsions. A response surface methodology 5-level-3-factor central-composite rotatable design was applied to study the effects of key formula ingredients including walnut oil (WO, 3-6%, w/w), gum arabic (GA, 5-10%, w/w) and xanthan gum (XG, 0.05-0.15%, w/w) on lipid oxidation in walnut-beverage emulsions. During 30 days' storage, the oxidation process was monitored by evaluating the peroxide value, anisidine value and total oxidation (Totox) value in different emulsion formulations. Use of XG as a stabilizer at high concentrations considerably inhibited the oxidation of WO in the prepared emulsions. The experimental data were satisfactorily fitted to quadratic models using multiple regression analysis. The optimum conditions to obtain the minimum peroxide (0.923 mequiv. O(2)/kg oil), anisidine (0.500) and Totox (2.347) values are met when a walnut-beverage emulsion is formulated with 3% WO, 10% GA and 0.12% XG. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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