Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 82, Issue 2, Pages 329-336Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.073
Keywords
Cellulose nanocrystals; Acid hydrolysis; Freeze-drying; Mesoporous structure
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Funding
- National Textile Center [M02-CD05]
- University of California, Davis
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Cellulose nanocrystals with rod, sphere, and network morphologies were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton cellulose, followed by freeze-drying. Hydrolysis with sulfuric acid introduced sulfate groups to these nanocrystal surfaces permitting their dispersion in aqueous as well as organic media, including ethanol and N,N-dimethylformamide, in a matter of seconds. Freeze-drying, on the other hand, induced mesoporosity (91.99 +/- 2.57 angstrom average pore width) and significantly improved specific surface (13.362 m(2)/g) that is about 9 times of the original cellulose (1.547 m(2)/g). Moreover, the nanocrystals exhibited improved thermal conductivity and considerably higher (nearly 30%) carbonaceous residue, possibly due to direct solid-to-gas decomposition. These results demonstrated that a combination of surface charge introduction and fixation of mesoporosity in cellulose nanocrystals is an efficient route to prepare large quantity of high quality cellulose nanocrystals with quick re-dispersion capability for practical applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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