Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Volume 50, Issue 4, Pages 414-423Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.987550
Keywords
lead corrosion; drinking water; Aluminum sulfate; polyaluminum chloride; ferric sulfate; coagulant residual
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- NSERC Postgraduate Studies Doctoral award (NSERC PGS-D)
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Bench-scale experiments investigated the role of iron and aluminum residuals in lead release in a low alkalinity and high (> 0.5) chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) in water. Lead leaching was examined for two lead-bearing plumbing materials, including harvested lead pipe and new lead: tin solder, after exposure to water with simulated aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride and ferric sulfate coagulation treatments with 1-25-mu M levels of iron or aluminum residuals in the water. The release of lead from systems with harvested lead pipe was highly correlated with levels of residual aluminum or iron present in samples (R-2 = 0.66-0.88), consistent with sorption of lead onto the aluminum and iron hydroxides during stagnation. The results indicate that aluminum and iron coagulant residuals, at levels complying with recommended guidelines, can sometimes play a significant role in lead mobilization from premise plumbing.
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