Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Volume 151, Issue -, Pages 326-342Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.051
Keywords
Arsenic; Antimony; Water treatment; Adsorption
Categories
Funding
- FCT [Pest-C/EQB/LA0020/2013, SFRH/BD/77471/2011]
- QREN
- ON2 [NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000008 RL1-P3]
- FEDER
- FEDER through COMPETE
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/77471/2011] Funding Source: FCT
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Arsenic and antimony are metalloids, naturally present in the environment but also introduced by human activities. Both elements are toxic and carcinogenic, and their removal from water is of unquestionable importance. The present article begins with an overview of As and Sb chemistry, distribution and toxicity, which are relevant aspects to understand and develop remediation techniques. A brief review of the recent results in analytical methods for speciation and quantification was also provided. The most common As and Sb removal techniques (coagulation/flocculation, oxidation, membrane processes, electrochemical methods and phyto and bioremediation) are presented with discussion of their advantages, drawbacks and the main recent achievements. Literature review on adsorption and biosorption were focused in detail. Considering especially the case of developing countries or rural communities, but also the finite energy resources that over the world are still dependent, recent research have focused especially readily available low-cost adsorbents, as minerals, wastes and biosorbents. Many of these alternative sorbents have been presenting promising results and can be even superior when compared to the commercial ones. Sorption capacities were accurately compiled for As(III,V) and Sb(III,V) species in order to provide to the reader an easy but detailed comparison. Some aspects related to experimental conditions, comparison criteria, lack of research studies, economic aspects and adsorption mechanisms were critically discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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