Superior catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells sulfonation of carbon-supported catalysts using sulfate salts

Sulfonic acid groups have been successfully linked onto carbon particles supporting a catalyst by decomposing (NH4)d(2)SO(4) in the presence of the supported catalyst. Electrodes made using such sulfonated catalysts need less Nafion in the catalyst layer and perform much better than those made using the unsulfonated counterpart. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society.