Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages 2723-2749Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/1731
Keywords
vitamin D; vitamin D analogs; cancer; animal studies; xenografts; genetically-modified animals; clinical studies; review
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1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)(2)D-3, Calcitriol) is a pleiotropic hormone with anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and pro-differentiation effects on numerous cell types, which suggest anti-cancer activity in addition to its classical regulatory action on calcium and phosphate metabolism. 1,25(OH) D-2(3) exerts its actions mainly via its high affinity receptor VDR through a complex network of genomic (transcriptional and post-transcriptional) and also non-genomic mechanisms, which are partially coincident in the different cells and tissues studied. Epidemiological and experimental in vitro and in vivo data support a cancer preventive role of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. The anti-cancer activity of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and multiple analogs with reduced calcemic properties, which are thus less toxic, is under investigation in a long list of cultured cell types and in several in vivo models of wild-type and genetically-modified animals. Some vitamin D compounds have reached clinical trials, but results are still scarce.
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