Journal
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Volume 94, Issue 9, Pages 1861-1880Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1002/jps.20435
Keywords
liquid crystal; mesophase; protein; nematic; thermotropic; lyotropic; fibril; review
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Pharmaceutical solids have generally been characterized as either three-dimensional crystals or amorphous solids based on X-ray powder diffraction and modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry. In contrast, fewer examples of thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals, or mesophases, appear in the pharmaceutical literature, and that literature teaches that the aforementioned analytical techniques should be complemented with polarized light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering in order to effectively identify potential liquid crystalline states. Lyotropic liquid crystals are induced by the presence of solvent, and have been extensively described elsewhere in the context of emulsion technology; however, other pharmaceutical examples are emerging. Thermotropic liquid crystals are induced by a change in temperature and are essentially free of solvent, where more pharmaceutical applications appear in the literature. In the present review the general structural characteristics that favor the formation of liquid crystalline mesophases are categorized by therapeutic target and molecular size, and the analytical means of their identification are presented. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available