Journal
ANNALS OF BOTANY
Volume 95, Issue 2, Pages 277-286Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci023
Keywords
bottleneck; founder effect; introduced populations; Sarracenia purpurea; invasion; RAPD; multivariate analysis; field pollination; family structure; bi-parental puree; outbreeding depression
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Background and Aims The long-lived and mainly outcrossing species Sarracenia purpurea has been introduced into Switzerland and become invasive. This creates the opportunity to study reactions to founder effect and how a species can circumvent deleterious effects of bottlenecks such as reduced genetic diversity. inbreeding and extinction through mutational meltdown. to emerge as a highly invasive plant. Methods A population genetic survey by random amplified polymorphism DNA markers (RAPD) together with historical insights and a field pollination experiment were carried out. Key Results At the regional scale. S. purpurea shows low structure (theta(st) = 0.072) due to a recent founder event and important subsequent growth. Nevertheless. multivariate statistical analyses reveal that. because of a bottleneck that shifted allele frequencies, most of the variability is independent among populations. In one population (Tenasses) the species has become invasive and genetic analysis reveals restricted gene flow and family, structure (theta(st) = 0.287). Although inbreeding appears to be high (F-is > 0.410 from a Bavesian estimation). a field pollination experiment failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F-1 seed number and seed weight fitness-trots. Furthermore. crosses between unrelated individuals produced F-1 seeds with significantly reduced fitness. thus showing local outbreeding depression. Conclusions The results suggest that. under restricted gene flow among families. the species may not only have rapidly purged deleterious alleles. but also have undergone some form of selection for inbreeding due to co-adaptation between loci. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.
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