Epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites in civil engineering

Chemically treated layered silicates (clays) can be mixed with normal polymer matrix materials to form a nanocomposite in which clay layers are distributed throughout the material. Previous researchers have shown that these high aspect ratio clays alter the properties of the composite by a number of mechanisms; increasing the strength and fire resistance and reducing permeability. This paper presents an introduction to the basic concepts of nanocomposites, the chemical and physical requirements for attaining nanocomposites and some examples of the types of property improvements that have been generated by researchers in this field. It concludes with the results of tests undertaken at the University of Surrey, demonstrating the progress that is being made in this ongoing investigation. The civil engineering implications of this new technology are discussed to determine in which situations nanocomposites could be an advantage over conventional matrix materials. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.