Human papillomavirus infection: An old disease, a new vaccine

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common and causes a wide spectrum of disease. With recent advances in the development of prophylactic HPV vaccines, it is likely that these will be licensed for use in the near future. This review focuses on the science behind HPV vaccines, published clinical trial results for both prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines, important issues relevant to implementation and cost-effectiveness models of HPV vaccination programs. It may be that an HPV vaccine that protects against the complications of HPV infection such as cervical cancer will be one of the most significant public health initiatives of this decade.