Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Volume 154, Issue 1, Pages 45-50Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.01059.x
Keywords
Alternaria brassicicola; Solanum nigrum; saponins; host specific toxin
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Root extracts of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) were analyzed for activity against isolates ABA-31 and ABA-104 of Alternaria brassicicola, the causal agent of black leaf spot of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). Preliminary results showed that dried root tissues of black nightshade extracted with 70% ethanol contained antifungal properties against A. brassicicola. Ethanol root extracts were used for further fractionations using ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among the three extracts, the n-butanol fraction showed the strongest antifungal activity by its suppression of conidial germination of A. brassicicola. The n-butanol extract of S. nigrum roots was fractionated further into six fractions (I-VI). Among the six fractions tested, fraction V showed a strong inhibitory effect on conidial germination of A. brassicicola and thereby suppressed lesion development of black leaf spot of Chinese cabbage at a concentration of 25 ppm or higher. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that fraction V contained a mixture of saponins, and results of further bio-guided fractionation and bioassay suggested that saponins in fraction V were key chemical components in the control of A. brassicicola. The potential of using black nightshade for developing natural products for the control of fungal plant diseases is discussed.
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