Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 9, Pages 434-440Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.07.002
Keywords
-
Categories
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Several species of microorganism have developed immune evasion and/or immunosuppression strategies. Bacillus anthracis secretes two toxins, edema toxin and lethal toxin, that enter the cytosol of almost every cell type, including the cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and subvert cell signaling. Edema toxin causes a consistent elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, whereas lethal toxin cleaves most isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases. In a concerted manner, these toxins alter major signaling pathways involved in the development of immune-cell effector functions, with the inhibition of bacterial clearance by phagocytes and of B. anthracis-specific responses. Thus, B. anthracis can invade the host, with ensuing massive bacteremia and toxemia. Here, we review the specific effects of B. anthracis on neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T- and B-lymphocytes.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available