A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition

This survey focuses on recognition performed by matching models of the three-dimensional shape of the face, either alone or in combination with matching corresponding two-dimensional intensity images. Research trends to date are summarized, and challenges confronting the development of more accurate three-dimensional face recognition are identified. These challenges include the need for better sensors, improved recognition algorithms, and more rigorous experimental methodology. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.