Exploration or imitation? The effect of music on 4-week-old infants' tongue protrusions

In a newborn imitation paradigm, an auditory stimulus - music - replaced the standard adult behavioral model. Alternating intervals of music and silence affected 4-week-old infants' rates of tongue protruding-evidence that tongue protruding is a general response to interesting distal stimuli. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.