Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
Volume 132, Issue 5, Pages 692-731Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692
Keywords
attitude change; cognitive consistency; dual-process models; evaluative conditioning; implicit measures
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A central theme in recent research on attitudes is the distinction between deliberate, explicit attitudes and automatic, implicit attitudes. The present article provides an integrative review of the available evidence on implicit and explicit attitude change that is guided by a distinction between associative and propositional processes! Whereas associative processes are characterized by mere activation independent of subjective truth or falsity, propositional reasoning is concerned with the validation of evaluations and beliefs. The proposed associative-propositional evaluation (APE) model makes specific assumptions about the mutual interplay of the 2 processes, implying several mechanisms that lead to symmetric or asymmetric changes in implicit and explicit attitudes. The model integrates a broad range of empirical evidence and implies several new predictions for implicit and explicit attitude change.
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