Journal
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 175-189Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.3758/CABN.6.3.175
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [K05MH002019, R01MH055714, R01MH060415] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [P01NS041328, F32NS041867] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIMH NIH HHS [K05-MH02019, R01-MH60415, R01-MH55714] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [P01-NS41328, 1F32 NS41867-01] Funding Source: Medline
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An ongoing controversy concerns whether executive control mechanisms can actively reconfigure the cognitive system in preparation for switching to a new task set. To address this question, we recorded brain activity from 14 healthy participants, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, while they performed a cued attention task. Critically, in any particular trial, the cued task set was either the same as that in the previous trial or switched. As was hypothesized, cue-related, switch-specific preparatory activity was observed in a network of dorsal frontal and parietal brain areas that are typically associated with cognitive control processes. Moreover, the magnitude of switch-specific preparatory activity varied with the number of possible task sets that could be presented in a given trial block. These findings provide compelling support for the existence of top-down, preparatory control processes that enable set switching. Furthermore, they demonstrate that global task structure is a critical determinant of whether switch-specific preparatory activity is observed.
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