Journal
CURRENT HYPERTENSION REVIEWS
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 193-198Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/157340206778132590
Keywords
Glutamate; ventrolateral medulla; paraventricular nucleus; GABA; angiotensin II; sympathetic nervous system
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Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, Foundation for the Support of Research in the State of Sao Paulo)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-Programa de Apoio a Nucleos de Excelencia (CNPq-PRONEX, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-Program for the Support of Centers of Excellence)
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The brain pathways involved in the control of arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity are distributed throughout the central nervous system and are organized in topographically selective ensembles of premotor neurons. There is increasing evidence to support the notion that increased sympathetic nerve activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human and experimental hypertension. In this review, we will focus on the importance of two distinct populations of sympathetic premotor neurons, those of the rostral ventrolateral medulla and those of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, in the genesis and maintenance of experimental hypertension. The rostral ventrolateral medulla and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus contain the principal premotor neurons involved in the modulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone and arterial blood pressure. Therefore, changes in the excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission within these two nuclei might constitute a mechanism that is essential for the development and maintenance of hypertension. The present review addresses this hypothesis.
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