Articular cartilage repair by means of biodegradable scaffolds

Introduction. Articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair; untreated injuries of cartilage may lead to osteoarthritis. In severe cases the only choice a total joint replacement, may be inadequate in young patients. This problem demands new effective methods to reconstruct articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of collagen matrix for the reconstruction of articular cartilage. Materials and methods. A group of 28 rabbits had a defect penetrating into the subchondral constructed and either filled with collagen scaffold (group 1) or remained empty (group II). The results were observed after 4 and 12 weeks. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. Results. In the first group we observed the presence of hyalinelike cartilage resembling normal articular cartilage. In the second group fibrous tissue dominated. The surface of regenerated tissue was smooth, intact, and the defect completely filled with regenerated tissue, showing good structural integrity. In the second group, superficial irregularities, disorders of structural integrity, and necrotic features were noticed. Conclusions. This study showed better results of articular cartilage reconstruction by means of a biodegradable scaffold.