Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in extracellular matrix stimulates adhesion of breast epithelial cells and activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase

IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is a multifunctional protein that regulates the potent mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I and IGF-II and exerts bioactivity independent of modulating IGF receptor activation. Previous studies have shown that in solution, IGFBP-3 binds constituent proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as fibronectin and collagen and is present in ECM deposited by fibroblasts in vitro; however, binding of IGFBP-3 to matrix has not been characterized, nor has its function in this environment been investigated. In this study, we show that IGFBP-3 binds to ECM deposited by human breast epithelial and cancer cells and neonatal human fibroblasts. IGF-I and heparin blocked binding of IGFBP-3 to matrix when added with the binding protein but were unable to displace IGFBP-3 already bound to the matrix. IGF-I bound to matrix-immobilized IGFBP-3 with approximately 25-fold reduced affinity compared with IGFBP-3 in solution. Mutation of the C-terminal basic domain of IGFBP-3 (228KGRKR -> MDGEA) resulted in markedly reduced binding to matrix compared with wild-type IGFBP-3, whereas mutation of the adjacent consensus heparin-binding domain (220KKK -> HSR) had relatively little effect. In the presence of matrix-bound IGFBP-3, adhesion of breast epithelial cells was increased by approximately 25%, and activation of the signaling pathway intermediate p44/42 MAPK was enhanced greater than 3-fold. These results indicate a previously unrecognized and potentially important role for IGFBP-3 in the extracellular matrix.