Journal
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
Volume 4, Issue 20, Pages 3763-3768Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/b608887b
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A mutual induced fit mechanism is responsible for the exceptional complexation performances exhibited by calix[ 8] arene polycations towards heparin. The recognition process was studied in comparison with two other heparin antagonists: protamine and polylysine. The arrangement of multiple functional groups on the flexible macrocyclic scaffold of calix[ 8] arene, with respect to the conformationally rigid protamine and low ordered polylysine, allowed a mutual adaptability between calixarene polycations and heparin, significantly enhancing the recognition performances. Fluorescence, NMR titration, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) experiments confirmed that these calixarene derivatives have a very high specificity and affinity towards heparin neutralization as in aqueous solution as in blood. Analogous results were obtained with low molecular weight heparin ( LMWH) whose effect protamine is unable to completely reverse.
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