Journal
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 368, Issue 1-2, Pages 20-32Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.12.036
Keywords
bladder cancer; diagnosis; recurrence prediction; survivin
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Expression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin is hardly detectable or even absent in many differentiated adult tissues, but is upregulated in almost any type of cancer. Furthermore, high survivin mRNA or protein expression generally correlates with an adverse disease course. Both these important features of survivin expression have been investigated for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in many human cancers, including bladder cancer. In this review, the role of survivin in the detection of bladder tumors and the prediction of tumor recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer will be discussed and compared to that of other markers/tests. The most promising marker(s) will be outlined. Also, important requirements for a successful implementation of such markers in a hospital setting are discussed. Finally, future directions for the discovery of new diagnostic or prognostic candidate markers will be mentioned. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
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