Journal
CANCER RESEARCH
Volume 68, Issue 18, Pages 7428-7438Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6734
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Funding
- National Science Council [93-2314-B-010-061-]
- National Science and Technology Program [96AS-1.2.1-ST-a1(31), 97AS-1.2.1-ST-a1]
- Ministry of Education, Aim
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Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an active component of the spice turmeric and has a diversity of antitumor activities. In this study, we found that curcumin can inhibit cancer cell invasion and metastasis through activation of the tumor suppressor DnaJ-like heat shock protein 40 (HLJ1). Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL1-5) treated with curcumin (1-20 mu mol/L) showed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell migration, invasion, and metastatic ability, and this was associated with increased HLJ1 expression. Knockdown of HLJ1 expression by siRNA was able to reverse the curcumin-induced anti-invasive and antimetastasis effects in vitro and in vivo. The HLJ1 promoter and enhancer in a luciferase reporter assay revealed that curcumin transcriptionally up-regulates HLJ1 expression through an activator protein (AP-1) site within the HLJ1 enhancer. junD, one of the AP-1 components, was significantly up-regulated by curcumin (1-20 mu mol/L) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Knockdown of junD expression could partially reduce the curcumin-induced HLJ1 activation and diminish the anti-invasive effect of curcumin, indicating that junD would seem to be involved in curcumin-induced HLJ1 expression. Curcumin was able to induce c-Jun NH2-kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, whereas the JNK inhibitor (SP-600125) could attenuate curcumin-induced JunD and HLJ1 expression. Activation of HLJ1 by curcumin further leads to up-regulation of E-cadherin and a suppression of cancer cell invasion. Our results show that curcumin induces HLJ1, through activation of the JNK/JunD pathway, and inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis by modulating E-cadherin expression. This is a novel mechanism and supports the application of curcumin in anti-cancer metastasis therapy.
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