Journal
JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
Volume 200, Issue -, Pages 264-273Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.elspec.2015.06.008
Keywords
Energy science; X-ray spectroscopy; In situ; Operando
Categories
Funding
- Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11227902]
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A perspective and brief review of in situ/operando X-ray spectroscopic techniques with focus on energy materials is presented, including discussion on current status, choice of cells and suitable X-ray energy range. Initial discussion focuses on the scientific advancement achieved using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) at the solid/gas interface, and then progresses through the techniques evolution to probe the liquid/vapor and the emerging solid/liquid interface. This is followed by an overview of soft X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (sXAS) for energy science using both window and windowless cell configurations. Concluding remarks provide a future outlook for where the authors believe these techniques and class of science will progress toward. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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