Stable compounds containing heavier group 15 elements in the+1 oxidation state

This review provides an oxidation state model that emphasizes the similarities in the structural features, bonding and reactivities of molecules containing main group elements in a particular oxidation state. Using this model, the syntheses, structural features and selected aspects of the chemistry of stable compounds containing group 15 elements (pnictogens) in the +1 oxidation state are examined. Molecular types that are considered include: triphosphenium salts, phosphamethine cyanine dyes, phosphide anions, certain pnictaalkenes, certain phosphinidenes and their heavier analogues, among others. Theoretical models are presented to rationalize the factors that render such molecules stable. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.