Human mesenchymal stem cells in contact with their environment: surface characteristics and the integrin system

The identification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in adult human tissues and the disclosure of their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities have provided exciting prospects for cell-based regeneration and tissue engineering. Although a considerable amount of data is available describing MSCs, there is still lack of information regarding the molecular mechanisms that govern their adhesion and migration. In this work, we will review the current state of knowledge on integrins and other adhesion molecules found to be expressed on MSCs. The discussed topics include the characteristics of MSCs and their clinical applications, integrins and their central role in cell-matrix attachment and migration, and comments on mobilization, differentiation and contribution to tumour development. Finally, by understanding the complex and fundamental pathways by which MSCs attach and migrate, it might be possible to fine-tune the strategies for effective and safe use of MSCs in regenerative therapies.