Journal
CANCER LETTERS
Volume 338, Issue 1, Pages 23-31Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.07.010
Keywords
Medulloblastoma; Brain-tumor initiating cells; Cancer stem cell; Signaling pathways
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Funding
- Department of Surgery at McMaster University
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR)
- JP Bickell Foundation
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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Brain tumors represent the leading cause of childhood cancer mortality, with medulloblastoma (MB) being the most frequent malignant tumor. In this review we discuss the morphological and molecular heterogeneity of this malignant childhood brain tumor and how this key feature has implicated the presence of a MB stem cell. We focus on evidence from cerebellar development, histopathological and molecular subtypes of MB, the recent identification of brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs, also referred to as MB stem cells), and the current limitations in studying the interplay between MB stem cells and tumor heterogeneity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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