Journal
CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 159-176Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/138527207779316426
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In the early 1950s Witkop described in a series of papers that oxidation of indoles with a variety of oxidation reagents leads to the formation of quinolones. The mechanism of this reaction involves the oxidative cleavage of the 2,3-double bond of the indole moiety (Witkop-oxidation) followed by a Camps-cyclization forming the quinolone ring. Winterfeldt identified conditions which allow a one pot Witkop-oxidation/Camps-cyclization sequence and applied this strategy for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-c]quinolones starting from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. This review gives a comprehensive description of all described examples of this reaction including a definition of scope and limitations and a discussion of the mechanism of this transformation.
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