Journal
CANCER LETTERS
Volume 286, Issue 2, Pages 161-171Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.040
Keywords
Prostate cancer; Toona sinensis; Gallic acid; Cytotoxicity; G2/M phase
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Funding
- Department of Health, Taiwan [DOH92-TD-1004, DOH93-TD-1015]
- E-DA Hospital [EDAHP97024]
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Prostate cancer, the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in elderly males of the United States, has become a major health issue in Asia. Previous studies have demonstrated that leaf extracts of Toona sinensis Roem. contain cytotoxic activity on several cancer cells including prostate cancer cells. In this study, gallic acid is identified as the major anti-cancer compound in T. sinensis leaf extracts. It is cytotoxic to DU145 prostate cancer cells, through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, which were reversed by antioxidants catalase and N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, gallic acid is shown to block the growth of DU145 cells at G2/M phases by activating Chk1 and Chk2 and inhibiting Cdc25C and Cdc2 activities. In addition, gallic acid has a synergistic effect with doxorubicin in suppressing the growth of DU145 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that gallic acid has the potential to be developed into an anti-prostate cancer drug and is worthy of further studies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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