Interaction between smoking rate and anxiety sensitivity: Relation to anticipatory anxiety and panic-relevant avoidance among daily smokers

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity (AS) in the relation between smoking rate and panic vulnerability variables, both concurrently and prospectively (3 months), among a community-based sample of 125 daily smokers (60 females; M-age = 26.02 years, S.D. = 10.98). Consistent with prediction, the interaction between AS and smoking rate significantly predicted concurrent agoraphobic avoidance (3.2% of unique variance) and change in levels of anticipatory anxiety during the 3-month follow-up period (4.7% unique variance). Smokers high in AS who also smoked at greater rates reported the highest levels of avoidance and greatest increase in anticipatory anxiety. Overall, these data suggest that AS is an important individual difference factor that, when coupled with higher rates of smoking, is associated with greater levels of avoidance and anticipatory anxiety among daily smokers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.