Journal
VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 17-23Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0952523807230159
Keywords
New World monkeys; opsin genes; color vision; cone pigments; fruit discrimination
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Funding
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY002052] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NEI NIH HHS [EY 002052] Funding Source: Medline
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X-linked photopigment polymorphism produces six different color vision phenotypes in most species of New World monkey. In the Subfamily Callitrichinae, the three M/L alleles underlying these different phenotypes are present at unequal frequencies suggesting that selective pressures other than heterozygous-advantage operate on these alleles. Earlier we investigated this hypothesis with functional substitution, a technique using a computer monitor to simulate colors as they would appear to humans with monkey visual pigments (Visual Neuroscience 21:217-222, 2004). The stimuli were derived from measurements of ecologically relevant fruit and foliage. We found that discrimination performance depended on the relative spectral positioning of the substituted M and L pigment pair. Here we have undertaken a systematic examination of two simulation parameters - test field luminance and stimulus duration. Discriminability of the fruit colors depended on which phenotype was simulated but only at short stimulus durations and/or low luminances. Under Such conditions, phenotypes with the larger pigment peak separations performed better. At longer durations and higher luminances, differences in performance across different substitutions tended to disappear. The stimuli used in this experiment were analyzed with several color discrimination models. There was limited agreement among the predictions made by these models regarding the capabilities of animals with different pigment pairs and none predicted the dependence of discrimination on changes in luminance and stimulus duration.
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