Journal
HEALTH & PLACE
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 452-465Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.05.003
Keywords
neighborhood; reliability; urban health; systematic social observation; direct observation; environmental audit
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [5 R25 T CA57699-12] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES10936-0] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R25CA057699] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [R01ES010936] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The popularity of direct or systematic social observation as a method to evaluate the mechanisms by which neighborhood environments impact health and contribute to health disparities is growing. The development of measures with adequate inter-rater and test-retest reliability is essential for this research. In this paper, based on our experiences conducting direct observation of neighborhoods in Detroit, MI, we describe strategies to promote high inter-rater and test-retest reliability and methods to evaluate reliability. We then present the results and discuss implications for future research efforts using direct observation in four areas: methods to evaluate reliability, instrument content and design, observer training, and data collection. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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