Journal
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
Volume 27, Issue 1, Pages 14-45Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.004
Keywords
smoking; post-traumatic stress; comorbidity; trauma; PTSD
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Funding
- NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA018734, R01 DA018734-01A1, R21 DA016227-01, R03 DA16307-01, R21 DA016227] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [R21DA016227, R01DA018734, R03DA016307] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The current review critically examines the extant empirical literature focused on the associations among cigarette smoking, trauma, and post-traumatic stress. Inspection of the extant literature suggests that smoking rates are significantly higher among persons exposed to a traumatic event relative to those without such exposure. Moreover, smoking rates appear particularly high among persons with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In terms of the direction of this relation, evidence most clearly suggests that post-traumatic stress is involved in the development of smoking. Significantly less is known about the role of trauma and PTSD in terms of cessation outcome. Limitations of extant work, clinical implications, and key directions for future study are delineated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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