Journal
INTELLIGENCE
Volume 35, Issue 5, Pages 427-449Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.001
Keywords
executive functions; inhibition; shifting; updating; arithmetic; reading; reasoning
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The aims of this study were to investigate whether the executive functions, inhibition, shifting, and updating, are distinguishable as latent variables (common factors) in children aged 9 to 12, and to examine the relations between these executive functions and reading, arithmetic, and (non)verbal reasoning. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to decompose variance due to the executive and the non-executive processing demands of the executive tasks. A Shifting factor and an Updating factor, but not an Inhibition factor, were distinguishable after controlling for non-executive variance. Updating was related to reading, arithmetic, and (non) verbal reasoning. Shifting was mainly related to non-verbal reasoning and reading. However, in terms of variance explained, arithmetic and reading were primarily related to the non-executive processing demands of the executive measures. The results are discussed in light of the task impurity problem. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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