Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 25, Issue -, Pages 525-560Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141541
Keywords
immunoglobulin; FCR; ITAM; ITIM; B cells; phylogeny
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [K08AI055638] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI55638] Funding Source: Medline
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Discovery of a large family of Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules, homologous to the well-known receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (FCR), has uncovered an impressive abundance of immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) genes in the human 1q21-23 chromosomal region and revealed significant diversity for these genes between humans and mice. The observation that FCRL representatives are members of an ancient multigene family that share a common ancestor with the classical FCR is underscored by their linked genomic locations, gene structure, shared extracellular domain composition, and utilization of common cytoplasmic tyrosine-based signaling elements. In contrast to the conventional FCR, however, FCRL molecules possess diverse extracellular frameworks, autonomous or dual signaling properties, and preferential B lineage expression. Most importantly, there is no strong evidence thus far to support a role for them as Ig-binding receptors. These characteristics, in addition to their identification in malignancies and autoimmune disorders, predict a fundamental role for these receptors as immunomodulatory agents in normal and subverted B lineage cells.
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